The giant of East Iceland (128m), known for its striking red clay strata sandwiched between black basalt. The hike includes a bonus stop at Litlanesfoss.
Story & Legend
Towering over Lake Lagarfljót in East Iceland, this waterfall offers a cross-section of millions of years of volcanic history. Hengifoss is the third highest waterfall in Iceland (128m), but what makes it unique are the striking red layers of clay sandwiched between the black basalt rock. These red stripes are actually ancient soil (laterite) that formed during warmer periods between massive volcanic eruptions millions of years ago. The hike up also takes you past Litlanesfoss, a smaller waterfall surrounded by some of the most perfect hexagonal basalt columns in the country.
Geology & Science
The canyon represents a geological cake of Iceland's history. Each black layer is a lava flow, and each red layer represents a period of peace and oxidation. The rock here is about 5-6 million years old, dating back to the Tertiary period. The waterfall flows from the river Hengifossá into lake Lagarfljót, home to the legendary Wyrm monster (Lagarfljótsormurinn).
Safety
The hike is moderately steep (gradual incline) and takes about 45-60 minutes one way (2.5km). The path has been improved recently but can still be muddy and slippery near the top. There are no guardrails at the edge of the canyon, so keep a safe distance, especially if it is windy.
Photo Tip
You need a telephoto lens to compress the distance and make the waterfall look closer to the red stripes. Don't forget to stop halfway up to photograph Litlanesfoss – the basalt columns there are actually more impressive than at the top. Overcast weather makes the red clay pop more than sunny days.
Insider Tip
Take your time on the hike up. About halfway to Hengifoss, you will pass Litlanesfoss, a smaller but arguably more unique waterfall completely surrounded by massive, perfect hexagonal basalt columns.
Best Time to Visit
Morning. The waterfall faces east, so the morning sun beautifully illuminates the striking red clay strata layered between the dark basalt rock.
What to Bring
Sturdy hiking boots and a bottle of water. The hike is a continuous, relatively steep uphill climb for about 2.5 kilometers.
Frequently Asked Questions
How hard is the hike to Hengifoss?
The hike is considered moderately challenging due to the constant, steep incline. The path is well-maintained, but requires a reasonable level of fitness.
Why does Hengifoss have red stripes?
The red layers are paleosols—ancient soil that was baked by superheated lava flows millions of years ago, oxidizing the iron in the dirt and turning it bright red.
